Vertical K (Kilometer) Training Goals

The Vertical K or Vertical Kilometer, is a standard Skyrunning event. Basically you ascend about one kilometer, or 3,281' on as steep and rugged a route as the race organizers can come up with. Most that I've seen listed, at ski resorts, cover a distance of about 5k, or 3.1 miles. In essence, the Qualifier for Elbrus Race is a Vertical K, ascending 3,570' in approximately 2.5 miles. In fact, as I've been told, the Fox Elbrus Race, typically held in May, uses the route of the Qualifier as their sanctioned Vertical K.

Kilian Jornet, one of the best in the world at the Vertical K

Since the Vertical K so closely emulates the Qualifier, it's an excellent training goal. In the Big Sky, MT Run The Rut race of 2014, results ranged from Kilian's win at 46:12.79, to the last place finisher at 2:55:07.56 for the men, and 1:02:13.51 to 2:27:18.57 for the women. I created a training goals spreadsheet for the Incline Treadmill, shooting for completing a Vertical K (3,281') in 40:00, 60:00 80:00 and 120:00 minutes. All but the first and last columns show target Speeds for the Inclination in the far left column. The far right column then is the total miles to achieve the Vertical K. Since most runs are in the range of a 5k, or 3.1 miles, an Average Inclination around 20-24% would be a good target training range.

Update: Did a test run at 24% on the Incline Treadmill ARTICLE HERE

Vertical K Incline Treadmill Training Goals

	60 minutes	40 minutes	80 minutes	120 minutes	Total Distance
Incline %	3,281	3,281	3,281	3,281	3,281
9	6.90	9.21	5.18	3.45	6.90
9.5	6.54	8.72	4.91	3.27	6.54
10	6.21	8.28	4.66	3.11	6.21
10.5	5.92	7.89	4.44	2.96	5.92
11	5.65	7.53	4.24	2.82	5.65
11.5	5.40	7.20	4.05	2.70	5.40
12	5.18	6.90	3.88	2.59	5.18
12.5	4.97	6.63	3.73	2.49	4.97
13	4.78	6.37	3.58	2.39	4.78
13.5	4.60	6.14	3.45	2.30	4.60
14	4.44	5.92	3.33	2.22	4.44
14.5	4.29	5.71	3.21	2.14	4.29
15	4.14	5.52	3.11	2.07	4.14
15.5	4.01	5.34	3.01	2.00	4.01
16	3.88	5.18	2.91	1.94	3.88
16.5	3.77	5.02	2.82	1.88	3.77
17	3.66	4.87	2.74	1.83	3.66
17.5	3.55	4.73	2.66	1.78	3.55
18	3.45	4.60	2.59	1.73	3.45
18.5	3.36	4.48	2.52	1.68	3.36
19	3.27	4.36	2.45	1.64	3.27
19.5	3.19	4.25	2.39	1.59	3.19
20	3.11	4.14	2.33	1.55	3.11
20.5	3.03	4.04	2.27	1.52	3.03
21	2.96	3.95	2.22	1.48	2.96
21.5	2.89	3.85	2.17	1.45	2.89
22	2.82	3.77	2.12	1.41	2.82
22.5	2.76	3.68	2.07	1.38	2.76
23	2.70	3.60	2.03	1.35	2.70
23.5	2.64	3.53	1.98	1.32	2.64
24	2.59	3.45	1.94	1.29	2.59
24.5	2.54	3.38	1.90	1.27	2.54
25	2.49	3.31	1.86	1.24	2.49
25.5	2.44	3.25	1.83	1.22	2.44
26	2.39	3.19	1.79	1.19	2.39
26.5	2.34	3.13	1.76	1.17	2.34
27	2.30	3.07	1.73	1.15	2.30
27.5	2.26	3.01	1.69	1.13	2.26
28	2.22	2.96	1.66	1.11	2.22
28.5	2.18	2.91	1.64	1.09	2.18
29	2.14	2.86	1.61	1.07	2.14
29.5	2.11	2.81	1.58	1.05	2.11
30	2.07	2.76	1.55	1.04	2.07
30.5	2.04	2.72	1.53	1.02	2.04
31	2.00	2.67	1.50	1.00	2.00
31.5	1.97	2.63	1.48	0.99	1.97
32	1.94	2.59	1.46	0.97	1.94
32.5	1.91	2.55	1.43	0.96	1.91
33	1.88	2.51	1.41	0.94	1.88
33.5	1.85	2.47	1.39	0.93	1.85
34	1.83	2.44	1.37	0.91	1.83
34.5	1.80	2.40	1.35	0.90	1.80
35	1.78	2.37	1.33	0.89	1.78
35.5	1.75	2.33	1.31	0.88	1.75
36	1.73	2.30	1.29	0.86	1.73
36.5	1.70	2.27	1.28	0.85	1.70
37	1.68	2.24	1.26	0.84	1.68
37.5	1.66	2.21	1.24	0.83	1.66
38	1.64	2.18	1.23	0.82	1.64
38.5	1.61	2.15	1.21	0.81	1.61
39	1.59	2.12	1.19	0.80	1.59
39.5	1.57	2.10	1.18	0.79	1.57
40	1.55	2.07	1.17	0.78	1.55

Finding Time to Train

Training at this level is a major commitment in time and money.

When I was training for Elbrus Race 2010 I was training 4-6 hours 6 days a week and still maintaining my work and family obligations. Now I want to share my secrets with you and help you overcome the things holding you back and preventing your success. I figured it all out for you without getting fired or getting a divorce.

That's from my latest training guide, Finding Time to Train. I did a webinar on the topic in early September and it was one of my best attended webinars. The feedback I received was invaluable and was put to use in creating this enhanced edition. The original webinar was about 40 minutes and the new one is about 90. Over twice as long.

I took the slides and notes and elaborated on them to create this 104 page paperback book, available on Amazon, and the Kindle version. The Kindle version is only $.99 or Free with Prime or Kindle Unlimited. You have to order it from your Kindle and for Prime, select the "Borrow for Free" button below the orange/yellow "Buy ..." button.

Order Now:

Finding Time to Train

When I did Elbrus Race 2013 the training took me only 2 hours a day most days, primarily because of the tips and suggestions that make up this essential book. If  you can use these tips to cut your training time in half while achieving even better results, it would be well worth the price.

Updated Incline Treadmill VAM Training Targets

When I updated all of the statistics for the current course records as of Elbrus Race 2013 it revealed a need to update the incline treadmill training targets.

% Incline/VAM	200	400	600	800	1000	1200
3	4.14	8.28	12.43	16.57	20.71	24.85
6	2.07	4.14	6.21	8.28	10.36	12.43
9	1.38	2.76	4.14	5.52	6.90	8.28
12	1.04	2.07	3.11	4.14	5.18	6.21
15	0.83	1.66	2.49	3.31	4.14	4.97
18	0.69	1.38	2.07	2.76	3.45	4.14
21	0.59	1.18	1.78	2.37	2.96	3.55
24	0.52	1.04	1.55	2.07	2.59	3.11
27	0.46	0.92	1.38	1.84	2.30	2.76
30	0.41	0.83	1.24	1.66	2.07	2.49
33	0.38	0.75	1.13	1.51	1.88	2.26
36	0.35	0.69	1.04	1.38	1.73	2.07
39	0.32	0.64	0.96	1.27	1.59	1.91
40	0.31	0.62	0.93	1.24	1.55	1.86
Top 10 Classic/Extreme
Record Qualifier/Extreme
Finish Qualifier/Extreme
Finish Classic
Record Classic
Top 10 Qualifier
Women's Record Classic
Women's Record Qualifier = 900
Women's Record Extreme = 650
< 4000 M Overcompensation Training

As you can see, I've included color coded columns for easier reading. I added in a 1200 VAM overcompensation training column. I added in more specific targets for the following categories:

• Cutoff (finish)
• Top 10
• Course Record
• Women's

I've been considering this spreadsheet before every one of my treadmill workouts so I have some motivation to attempt to stay inside one of these categories for training sessions where possible. No, at 1% I will not be going 30+MPH.

Training Considerations:

We'll skip the Extreme in this section. If you're training for the Extreme I'll trust that you can figure out from this next section how to adjust these numbers for your own training. To squeeze it into the Phase 2 training from a previous article, at least once a week you should, at minimum:

• Finish a Qualifier
• Finish a Classic
• Simulate the Downhill Sections

Finish a Qualifier:

Incline Treadmill: Set your treadmill to 24-36% and cruise at 600 VAM for 3 miles.

Standard Treadmill: Set your treadmill to 15% (or max) and cruise at 600 VAM for 3 miles.

In general, a VAM is a VAM and going 1.3 MPH at one angle and 2.6 MPH at another should have some carry-over benefit, though it's not as sport-specific. You should be able to plug your data into the Incline Treadmill Calculator and get more than 2.8 miles and more than 3500' of vertical. These are your targets for a Qualifier simulation.

Downhill: set your treadmill to 1% and cruise at 4-6 MPH for 3 miles. If you want you can do this on the same day or another day, though on the same day it would simulate the same type of load as on the event day. Vertical is irrelevant. If by some chance you have access to a decline treadmill then set it to -6% and cruise at 4-ish MPH (I think that's the max speed at -6%) - adjust accordingly for your own treadmill capacity, but don't set it to -1% and 8.0 MPH or something else tempting and enticing.

Duration: On the incline treadmill this will be about 2 hours for the uphill section. On a standard treadmill this will be about 80 minutes. The downhill section should take 30-45 minutes. If you do this all together in one day it will take up to 3 hours for the whole workout. If you are also doing running training, like for a half or full marathon, this will take the place of one 5-8 mile, or 3 hour day.

Finish a Classic:

Incline Treadmill: Set your treadmill to 24-36% and cruise at 400 VAM for 5 miles.

Standard Treadmill: Set your treadmill to 15% (or max) and cruise at 400 VAM for 5 miles.

In general, a VAM is a VAM and going 1.3 MPH at one angle and 2.6 MPH at another should have some carry-over benefit, though it's not as sport-specific. You'll want to see Incline Treadmill Calculator stats of more than 4.8 miles and more than 6500' of vertical. Adjust your speeds and inclines to make it work for you.

Downhill: Set your treadmill to 1% and cruise at 4-6 MPH for 5 miles. If you want you can do this on the same day or another day, though on the same day it would simulate the same type of load as on the event day. Again, if you have a decline treadmill available set it to -4% and 4-ish MPH and cruise gently for your 5 miles. Don't worry about vertical when you do this. 

Duration: On the incline treadmill this will take about 5 hours uphill. On a standard treadmill it will take about 3 hours. For the downhill it will take 50-80 minutes. If you do it all on the same day it will be a total of anywhere from 4 to 6.5 hours. If you're also doing running training, this should replace your long run day, just for the time investment, if nothing else. You should have about the same physical/cardio load as running at your endurance or long pace.

Warnings:

Be warned that training downhill running can be tough on your joints and soft tissues of your feet. Go slow, use whatever cushioning you need, and if you have to, work your way into it at about .5% decline at a time until you're comfortable.

When going uphill that steeply and that quickly  you'll be tempted to grab onto the treadmill and hang on for the ride. When you are first training like this it's better to just get in the vertical and miles and slowly work your way into Hands-Free Mode. Ultimately you want to not be hanging on. Otherwise you'll be surprised at how weak and slow you feel when you're suddenly out on the mountain without a handrail. Trekking poles will take up some of the load, but there will be intermittent times between placing them when you have no support. Don't get used to hanging on.

Phase Two Training Protocols for Elbrus Race 2014

If you're curious, go back to see Phase One HERE

Elbrus Race 2013 was great fun, and I learned a lot about my own training, and the training support I did for Todd, coaching him to his 3rd place finish. I think you'll enjoy the book HERE - go check it out and read it for a great step by step account of our trip to Russia and the events of the race and qualifier, both held during stormy weather on Elbrus. I also learned a lot in discussions with and observations of Kilian Jornet, who bunked with us.

Todd Gilles and 3rd Place Trophy in the Elbrus Race 2013 Classic Race category

To repeat the stats from the Elbrus Race, during that week of the race, not counting any acclimatization hikes or runs, you will need to:

• Ascend 11,000'
• Descend 11,000'
• Speed Uphill 7 miles
• Downhill 7 miles at a decent pace
• Total 14 miles of fast hiking/walking/running

That's considering it as a weekly accumulated working volume. If you break it up into the two primary events you get:

• Ascend 3500'
• Descend 3500'
• Speed Uphill 2.5 miles
• Downhill 2.5 miles at a decent pace
• Total Single Event "Qualifier" 5 miles
• One or Two Rest Days
• Ascend 6600'
• Descend 6600'
• Speed Uphill 4.6 miles
• Downhill 4.6 miles at a decent pace
• Total Single Event "Classic" 9.2 miles

Winter Trail Running is a great way to maintain general fitness levels with some specificity

In Phase One I required that the athlete only get in the following rather simplistic base preparation work (GPP):

• 4500' of weekly vertical ascent
• 2 Strength Training days per week of high volume/low weights
• 2 "Mountain Climber" calisthenics sessions per week

For Phase Two I suggest the following:

• 8,000' of weekly vertical ascent (mix of inside/outside)
• 1 Session of Anaerobic/Lactate Threshold cardio training per week
• Total Weekly Mileage of 10 miles (divided between all workouts)
• 2 Strength Training days per week of high volume/low weights

We're going to plan for the first four weeks of this training cycle. For a slightly more lengthy explanation of the Anaerobic Threshold Training protocol check out the article HERE. In a nutshell, unless you know your exact current Lactate Threshold based on a recent test, start with the overly simplified formula here:

(220 - AGE) x .85 is your lower limit Heart Rate Target
(220 - AGE) x .90 is your upper limit Heart Rate Target

There are more complicated formulas available if you cruise the internet but for most practical purposes, by the time you do the math, you'll end up within 1-2 BPM for your Heart Rate Target Zone. For the first 4 weeks of Phase Two, I'd like the athlete to use a basic simple regular treadmill to do their Anaerobic Threshold training on.

• Set it to 1% inclination/grade.
• Spend 15:00 warming up to your Heart Rate Target Zone
• Stay in that zone by adjusting your speed up and down as needed
• Week One: 20:00 in Target Zone
• Week Two: 40:00 in Target Zone
• Week Three: 60:00 in Target Zone
• Week Four: 80:00 in Target Zone

Suunto Ambit 2S on the arm of my treadmill for easy access

I set my Heart Rate Monitor Watch on the handle of the treadmill right in front of my face so I can always see it. If your watch has alarm zones you can set it, but it doesn't work well for me. Glancing at the watch display every twenty seconds or so does. Learn your own body and stay in that zone. As you get more experience at it you should be able to pretty much set it and forget it up to the last few minutes or so when you might have to drop it drastically to stay in that zone.

Do not worry about speed and elevation targets during your Anaerobic Threshold Training. Just stay in that zone at 1%. That might be anywhere from 3.0 - 8.0 MPH depending on your own zone limits and age and weight and aerobic base, etc.

Movescount Heart Rate Graph

Our goal in this is to develop the ability to know our upper endurance limits intimately so we can stay in that zone and conserve energy that will translate into speed during the event. The graph above is from the Suunto Movescount site, and shows my 85 minutes in my Heart Rate Target Zone (minus a bathroom break). Notice that near the end it was slightly more difficult to maintain the same general smoothness of the Heart Rate level as in the earlier portion of the workout.

The photo above is from my Incline Treadmill Calculator HERE showing my average stats from this workout. A vertical of 432' and VAM of 79 is not very impressive, from an Elbrus Race point of view, but this workout is separate from my vertical workouts and is to pound my Anaerobic Threshold, not to train for running or for racing.

For now, I recommend that the athlete stick to the recommendations for strength training:

• Deadlift: 4 x 25 
• Squat: 4 x 25 
• Bench Press: 4 x 25  
• Lat Pulldown: 4 x 25 
• Hanging Leg Lift or Knee Raise: 6 x 15 
• Roman Chair Ab Curl: 4 x 25 
• Back Hyper Extensions: 4 x 25 

I would love to add in a few other things, but I think when we're training primarily for an endurance event we only want to work the strength training exercises that will directly affect the outcome of the event. This isn't a great time for Olympic Lifts, Bodybuilding, or Power Lifting Protocols. Randomness might be a detriment at this point. While in the previous Phase One training cycle I didn't care much what the weights were that you used, in this Phase Two I'd like to see if you can maintain about 5% progress from session to session. This might be very difficult.

Let me know if you need any assistance in trying this training cycle here or on Facebook - I'm happy to offer tips and suggestions. In four weeks stay tuned for Phase Three training when we rock the vertical.

Elbrus Race Treadmill Training Example

After my article about Treadmill Training Guidelines, I thought it would be a good idea to include one of my own treadmill training sessions as an example. Yesterday I ran outside. It was cold and windy, especially on the return trip. I went a little over 2 miles up the road and turned around. I tried to stay consistent in my speed each way, slower up and faster down. We got over 3' of new snow in Summit County Colorado last week, and it's packing down slowly. Though my favorite route on Keystone Gulch Road is often used by snowcat and snowmobiles for the resort employees and Ski Patrol at the resort, their tracks weren't all that solid yet. I was leaving 3-6" deep tracks in the snow, with my toes digging in quite a bit on the push-off. It was made a bit worse because yesterday morning I did a high volume deadlift workout with 10 sets of 10 for my working sets, followed by 6 sets of 10 assisted pullups. I really felt my glutes while running.

Trail Running in loose snow is a heck of a workout

Today I planned on a treadmill workout. I planned on averaging over 1000 VAM over the course of the workout. I chose 28% elevation and cruised along gently over the first 20 minutes working my way up past 2.0 MPH. Then I did some long intervals at 3.0 mph. Finally I felt hot enough that I did 6 intervals of 1:00 at 4.0 MPH with 1:00 at 2.0 MPH rest. At the end of that I did a couple of minutes at 2.0 MPH and 5 or so minutes at 3.0 MPH, 2.0 MPH to rest, and then one more interval at 4.0 MPH. I spent the remainder of the 64 minutes at 3.0 MP

Movescount reporting from my Suunto Ambit 2 S showing obvious intervals

I was shooting for 3500' on the display, though I know that the NordicTrack Incline Treadmills under-report the elevation stats as you increase the elevation. I have mentioned this a time or two or more in various blog and Facebook posts. At 3500' of elevation I shut down the treadmill and got off to rest, keeping the watch going for a few minutes to record my recovery. I think it's interesting to see how long my body takes to slow down the heart rate depending on my interval volume. Note too that this treadmill sits at a tad over 9300' in elevation.

NordicTrack Incline Treadmill Display after my interval training

I used my Incline Treadmill Calculator CLICK HERE to run the numbers from the console. They were right on with my plan. It's kind of fun to do complicated time and distance and speed math while cranking along at over 160 BPM heart rate and get your VAM goal pretty much right on.

My Incline Treadmill Calculator Shows my Elevation Gain and VAM

Here are the stats in text format:

Time: 64:27
Distance: 2.578
Incline: 28%
Elevation Gain: 3811.32'
Average MPH: 2.4
Average Pace: 25:00
Vertical/Hour: 3548'
Vertical/Minute: 59.14'
VAM: 1081.5

In the context of Elbrus Race, that is roughly equivalent to doing a one hour Qualifier. Though there is no award given for the Qualifier, that's definitely good enough to place. In the context of training in Colorado that's good enough for a one hour Grays or Quandary, both of which I've done in 1:30. My intermediate goal this summer is to beat 1:20 for both.

If you want to make the jump to doing VAM greater than 1000 the treadmill is a reasonably safe environment and forces you to keep your foot turnover rate high enough. You can also shoot to improve your steep vertical "running" technique. At 28% and 4.0 mph and a foot-strike cadence over 160 (I actually counted during my intervals) your heels never touch the belt. I wore New Balance minimalist shoes for this workout to improve my plantar strength. I have worn them on my Mount Royal hill-climbs, but have yet to wear them on Quandary or Grays.

So that's probably a lot more than you needed to know. Share your thoughts with me about how you could incorporate this type of training into your program.